It is generally accepted that the iqta system was established at the end of the. The delhi sultans divided their kingdom into a number of units known as iqtas. By the end of the th century there was no smaller administrative unit than iqta. The ramayan and the mahabharata, though written earlier were rewritten during the gupta times. To maintain their rule, the turks introduced many administrative practices which, by and large, continued for a long time with some changes. The delhi sultanate is a period of time that covers five dynasties from 1206 to 1526. Administration of india under the delhi sultanate history. During the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, the sultanate was the principal. Iqta system coins currency free 30day trial scribd.
Name the delhi sultanate ruler who set up diwanikhairat. Class 11 th history government of the delhi sultanate. Trace the origin and development of the bhakti movement in the turkoafghan. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Under the sultanate period no other religion except islam was recognized by the state. Based on the religion, people were broadly categorised into hindus and muslims. He initiated the iqta system in which lands were granted to nobles and his. The lord who had the responsibility of the iqtas was known as the muqti or wali. The iqta is first mentioned in arab sources in the late seventh century but became widespread during the eighth through the tenth centuries under the abbasids. Much later during the gupta period, when the worship of lord vishnu developed, many holy books including the ramayan and the mahabharata were composed depicting the love and mystical union of the individual with god. State the significance of dagh system introduced by aluddin khilji. Social conditions during the rule of the delhi sultans, the muslim n was a powerful political force.
Brief notes on the land revenue system of sultanate period. Examine the working of the iqta system during the sultanate period. First sultan to put forward his views about kingship according to which the king was the shadow of god title nvabatikhudui and inscribed zillah on coins. In iltutmishs time, tabarhinda bhatinda too was in khalisa. India during the sultanate period your article library. Economic and social conditions under the delhi sultanate and the mughals. Jagir, also spelled as jageer, was a type of feudal land grant in the indian subcontinent at the foundation of its jagirdar system. The iqta system,revenue and administration the delhi. The assessment of revenue without the measurement of land could not be just to the peasants. One of alnasir muhammads usurpers, husam aldin lajin, initiated a major cadastral survey, or rawk, in 697. Iqta is an arabic word denoting a sort of administrative regional unit.
Delhi sultanate, principal muslim power in north india from the th to the 16th century, enabled by the campaigns of the ghurid dynasty and made independent by iltutmish. The land was normally given to contractors to collect the revenue. Name the two coins introduced by iltutmish which were treated as basic coins of the sultanate period. Iqta system the iqtadari was a unique type of land distribution and administrative system evolved during the sultanate of iltutmish. Initially, iqta was a revenueyielding piece of land which was assigned in lieu of salary.
History notes for iqtadari system of delhi sultanate administration. The revenue system during the period of the delhi sultanate suffered from certain defects. Initially the delhi sultans had divided their empire into several iqtas or provinces or spheres of influence and put them under the charge of officers called iqtadars governors. Apr 30, 2020 the iqta system,revenue and administration the delhi sultanate, history, upsc upsc notes edurev is made by best teachers of upsc. Iqtadari system did not confer any ownership in land and it was subject to transfer. During the period of the mamluk sultanate, the regime undertook a series of. Chapter five creation of an administrative structure. During the 12th cantury, the ghaznavids were weakened considerably through their incessant warfare with the seljuqs on their western frontier. The delhi sultanate was the first islamic state to be established in india. Iqtadari system, iqta system, iqta system during sultanate. How can we explain the frequent dynasty changes in the. India from the early medieval period was accustomed with. During the period of instability, mamluk leaders became aware of the structural weakness of the iqta system and made attempts to remedy it. He organized the iqta system and introduced reforms in civil administration and army, which was now centrally paid and recruited.
Wells were the major source for artificial irrigation and here we find a distinct improvement was effected during the sultanate period for water lifting. Each iqta was headed by a millatry leader known as mukti. There were 3 main purposes of the iqtadari system and 4 main types. Ncert solutions for class 7 social science history our pasts2, ncert textbook solutions for class 7 history, ncert solutions for class 7 history, our pasts 2 class 7th ncert solutions history, ncert solutions for class 7 history social science chapter 6 towns, traders and craftspersons, social science sst history class 7 cbsencert. Take a look at table 1 again and identify the five dynasties that together made the delhi sultanate. Administration of the delhi sultanate iqta system under delhi sultanate the society was divided into four chief groups namely aristocrats,priests,town dwellers and the peasants. Financial system of delhi sultanate the financial system was an important part of the administration of the delhi sultanate. What were the three types of taxes collected during the sultanate period. The reference material for this post is ncert history text for class 7 our past 1. Sultanate in the beginning of the thirteenth century.
Out of the taxes collected,the surplus after meeting the expenses of the army authority was only for collecting taxes. Iqta and the effort to balance autonomy with service. During the sultanate period,the land was distributed to the lords as iqtas with the authority to collect taxes. Hindu rajahs, who wanted to throw off the muslim yoke. Doc iqta system during sultanate period adarsh saini. After a period of imperialism, the sultanate s power began to decline after the timurid invasions and was later subsumed into the mughal empire. Under iqta system, the land of the empire was divided into several large and small tracts called iqta and assigned these iqtas to his soldiers, officers and nobles.
These points might come quite handy during preparation of prelims and mains, to get a quick grasp of the subject. The revenue system during the period of delhi sultanate suffered from certain defects. Now tax farming implies to the responsibility of collecting of taxes by groupsread third parties. Land, property rights and institutional durability in medieval. Aybaks accidental death during a game of polo in 1210 ended a promising career, but his role as lieutenant during mucizz aldns life, and later as his successor, entitles him to an important place in the formative history of the delhi sultanate. Besides, there were other taxes which the peasants had to pay beside the landrevenue and that certainly meant extra burden on them. Sultans of delhi sultanate like balban,iltutmish,allauddin khilji etc effectively used the iqtadari system for their centralization of power. Iqta system the iqtadari was a unique type of land distribution and administrative system evolved during the sultanate perod. In this article on medieval india, we plan to cover the delhi sultanate. During these years, hindistani music and carnatic music, both subgenres of indian classical music, were. There were three types of taxes 1 on cultivation called kharaj and amounting to about 50 per cent of the peasants produce, 2 on cattle and 3 on houses. Only main points from the chapters are compiled below. During iltutmishs reign, the city of delhi emerged as the centre of islamic power and culture in india.
This document is highly rated by upsc students and has been viewed 5711 times. This system gave the officials opportunities to make arbitrary decisions. Look at map 1 and locate dehlii kuhna, siri and jahanpanah. The iqta system was provided institutional status by iltutmish and later this system became the mainstay of the sultanate administration under slave dynasty. Socio economic setup during the delhi sultanate, the society was in transition phase. He organised the chalisa or the famous turkish forty to help him in the administration. Womens college, jalpaiguri on 27th december, 2011, page 1 of 4. The muslim nobility period was not homogeneous in character, but coml of various nationalities such as turk, afghan, abyssl egyptian and arab. Abbasid period and got consolidated during the seljuk period. It developed during the islamic rule era of the indian subcontinent, starting in the early th century, wherein the powers to govern and collect tax from an estate was granted to an appointee of the state. The ghorids were rulers of a small kingdom in the herat area, who took advantage of this weakness. He built the hauzishamsi reservoir in mehrauli in 1230. This article gives you information on the land revenue system of sultanate period, india. They rendered manual services to earn their livelihood.
The delhi sultans built many cities in the area that we now know as delhi. After that iqtas were divided into smaller units called shiqqs, which were put under shiqqdars. Iltumish completed the construction of qutub minar. In the seljuk empire, the move toward the iqta system was facilitated by the persian. Under the system, the whole empire was divided into several large and small tracts of land, called the iqtas, which were assigned to nobles, officers and soldiers for the purpose of administration and revenue collection. Under weak rulers power and ambitions rose high and even threatene stability of the government. The success of iltutmish as sultan of delhi and the remarkable achievements of. It was a period which saw the systematization of agrarian exploitation and concentration of resources. The iqtadari was a unique type of land distribution and administrative system evolved during the sultanate perod. Iqta system under iqta system, the land of the empire was divided into several large and small tracts called iqta and assigned these iqtas to his soldiers, officers and nobles. Though most of the people professed the hindu faith yet the state patronage was accorded only to islam. The history of the delhi sultanate shows that the death of the monarch was usually followed by a period of uncertainty. Iqta a term designating a conditional grant of an allotment of land a type of benefice to feudal lords in the countries of the middle east in the middle ages.
The rise of the new kingdoms and the decline of the delhi sultanate the causes that led to the rise and fall of the sultanate. The prominent orientalist claude cahen described the iqta as follows. The iqtadari was a unique type of land distribution and administrative system evolved during the sultanate of iltutmish. The iqtadari system witnessed numerous changes during the sultanate period. In the absence of a law of succession, intrigues, civil war and violence. In a broadranging, accessible narrative, peter jackson traces the history of the sultanate from its foundation in 1210 to its demise in 1400 at the sack of delhi by the central asian conqueror, tamerlane. The new system served as the basis for coinage for much of the sultanate period and even beyond, though periodic shortages of silver caused further debasement. A study of state during the sultanate period will reveal certain specific features which are described below.
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